Chennai ( formerly Madras) : The name Chennai is a shortened form of Chennaipattanam, the name of the town that grew around Fort St. George, which was built by the English in 1639. The area around Chennai had been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries. The recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment of Fort St. George in 1644. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and an important centre of regional politics that tended to bank on the Dravidian identity of the populace. It boasts a rich cultural heritage, reflected in its historical landmarks, classical music and dance, and culinary delights. The Kapaleeshwarar Temple, with its intricate Dravidian architecture, is a significant pilgrimage site. Chennai is also known for its thriving arts scene, with numerous theaters, art galleries, and music festivals. The city`s bustling markets, such as George Town, offer a fascinating shopping experience.